Welcome

We developed this blog to provide golf course maintenance information to our members. From projects, small and large, to updates on course conditions, we want to provide as much information as possible. Although we hope this blog answers all of the pertinent questions regarding our operation, we always welcome more personalized dialogue. If you have questions beyond the information found on this blog, feel free to contact our golf course superintendent, Trevor Hedgepeth.

thedgepeth@kinlochgolfclub.com

804-840-8320


Monday, December 7, 2020

December 2020: Verti-Cutting and Topdressing Summary

Over the past week, the Kinloch Golf Club (KGC) maintenance team had the opportunity to verti-cut and top-dress the majority of our bentgrass surfaces (tees and fairways). Late fall is a wonderful time to perform this work because there is almost no stress on our turf. Thus, we can be very aggressive removing and diluting thatch while posing little risk to plant health. 


1. What is vertical mowing and what does it accomplish? 

When we verticut our turf, we use a machine attached to the back of a tractor. The machine has many knives pointed vertically downward that spin at a high rate of speed. When lowered, the knives cut continuous channels into the turf and underlying soil. The depth of the channels can vary, but for this past application, we cut channels to a depth of 1". 


We verti-cut to remove thatch and accumulated organic material. Over time, thatch can create a layer which will hold excessive moisture, affect fertilizers and pesticides and restrict root growth. In the picture below, you can see all the material that has been pulled to the surface. This material needs to be removed on a regular basis. In addition to the plant health benefits of this process, the reduction and dilution of thatch leads to MUCH FIRMER playing surfaces. 


Once the fairway or tee is verti-cut, the excess thatch is blown into rows and removed. We blow this material inward toward the center of the fairway to avoid scattering bentgrass in our primary rough. The picture below shows a surface that is being blown and cleaned. 


Once the thatch has been removed, we topdress the surface with a clean, well-graded, topdressing sand. For this particular application, we applied about 1,250,000 pounds of sand across 40 acres of tees and fairways. This quantity of sand works out to approximately 700 pounds of sand per 1000 square feet. 

After the sand is applied, we use sweeping devices to brush the sand into the canopy AND the freshly cut channels. These channels will grow over on top, but remain intact below the canopy. These channels will allow for water and nutrient infiltration, while promoting effective oxygen levels and gas exchange. Additionally, these channels will promote fresh tillering, more stolons and in general, denser/tighter turf. 


As the process is completed, the finished product is clean and will offer minimal disruption to winter golf. 


The weather was very cooperative this past week. Tuesday through Friday were sunny and breezy which was ideal for blowing debris and sweeping sand. On Friday night, we received almost 2" of rain which aided tremendously in cleaning any excess sand. The golf course has been mowed out and will be ready for play this coming week. As always, we appreciate our club's commitment to these practices. 

Have a safe and happy Holiday Season!! 



 


















Thursday, September 3, 2020

September 3rd Turf Update

 


  

Golf Course Update September 3rd, 2020 

Overview: 

The golf course was in terrific condition throughout the spring and into the latter part of July. Although there were various signs of stress in late July, we were very encouraged with the overall condition of the golf course.

 

(2nd Fairway – July 25th – 4:30 PM)

July was hot and humid. In reviewing the past 20 years of Richmond weather data, I learned that July 2020 recorded: (1) 2nd hottest average daily max high; (2) T-1st hottest average temperature; (3) T-1st warmest average daily low and (4) T-2nd highest average daily dew point (humidity). In addition to the heat and humidity of July, August brought unprecedented rainfall. In a 6-year span, 2014-2019, August rainfall averaged 3.14”. Through today, we have recorded nearly 15” of rain. Aside from the 477% increase in rainfall, most of this rain has either been accompanied by, or followed by temperatures near or above 90 degrees. I am confident in saying that the conditions we experienced in August were largely attributable to this combination of heat and saturation. In fact, throughout July and August, we had sent off samples to Rutgers University. These tests have included tissue tests, pathogen tests, nematode tests and soil nutrient tests. We have received no positive diagnosis of any pest that would be responsible for turf decline.

 

In addition to the absence of an identifiable pest (pathogen, insect, etc.), on or around the 10th of July, we raised mowing heights, decreased mowing frequency, softened our PGR program, dedicated our most experienced staff to the most troublesome holes, applied turf pigments (for heat relief), customized our irrigation patterns, kept all staff on a 7-day work cycle and began a small tine venting program. All these decisions were mitigating the heat of July.

 

General Bent grass Decline:

 

So, what happened to the turf throughout areas of our fairways and tees? The answer is two-fold:

 

(1)    Much of our newly laid bent grass sod began a rapid decline in late July, with an acceleration of that decline throughout the first 2 weeks of August.

(2)    Established bent grass suffered wet-wilt, scald and over-saturation.

 

If we look closely at the golf course, and inventory the decline, we can see that much of our decline is sod that was installed last summer. 

 

  In fact, if we go back in time and look at photos of the 6th and 9th fairways, we can see that the decline we saw in August, overlays almost perfectly with the areas that were eradicated and replaced last summer/fall.

(Right side 9th fairway - eradicating bermuda 2019)

 

(Upper fairway 6th hole - eradicating bermuda 2019)

 

We could walk every tee and fairway and I would estimate that 75% to 80% of our decline was the sod we installed last season.

So, why did the sod fail? This is a great question with several explanations and theories. We know the sod was not declining because of a biotic stress such as disease or insects. We also know that the sod was double aerated, and top dressed in late February. This is important to note because we know that puncturing the soil on which the sod was grown will enhance its ability to root into our native soils. I spoke with Steve McDonald and he is suggesting that new sod comes off the truck with too much thatch. In other words, sod is sold on yield and thickness so quick, excessive growth under heavy fertilization is the recipe for thatch. He contends that: (1) you have a new turf; (2) rooting in year one is okay at best; (3) the excessive thatch layer holds abnormal amounts of water; (4) the sod receives attention during excessive heat because the rooting is less than ideal; (5) the sod is already weak during hot stretches; (6) it encounters moisture, does not release the moisture and heat death ensues. In layman’s terms, the sod gets wet and cooks.

Explaining the cause of death, does not make the death any less painful. And we will be adding additional establishment techniques to the sod that was installed last month. And as poorly as the sod performed, I do have some empathy for the turf because it did endure a blistering July, followed by a deluge of rain in August. Asking younger turf, with excessive thatch, to survive that stretch unscathed is a tall order indeed.

The new sod was not the only bent grass that has suffered. Make no mistake, we had damaged grass that has nothing to do with new sod.

(Landing area 3rd fairway)

(Drainage Basin 15th Approach)

(15th basin near green) 

(Pythium tracking with water in #17 rough)

 

These are just a few pictures that I have taken of damaged bent grass and primary rough, unrelated to sod. However, although this decline is unsightly, when I survey the golf course overall, I would consider our primary, established turf to be scarred and bruised, but the actual loss would not be an extra ordinary issue. Particularly considering the anomalous rain in August.

Excessive Weeds in Fairways and Tees:

There is zero question that the amount of crab grass and goose grass that we have encountered this season is not only unsightly, but completely unacceptable. And I cringe that I must revisit the new sod that was installed last summer, but the fact is that nearly 100%... I’ll repeat that, nearly 100% of our weed infestations are located within the new bent grass sod. I have been a golf course superintendent for over 16 seasons, and I have never seen the populations of summer annuals that we have observed this season. For a period, I lamented the fact that I skipped my annual pre-emergent program this spring.  However, our deferral of pre-emergent herbicide is NOT the reason that we have goose and crab grass growing throughout our fairways and tees. But before I support that claim, I would like to explain the rationale for deferring our pre-emergent herbicide.

In the spring of 2019, I knew that the renovation was going to be on a tight schedule and that we would be sodding in some challenging heat. Furthermore, I assumed that I would be seeding in addition to the new rough sod. So, knowing that we would have no member play until October, I decided to skip pre-emergent control to eliminate any potential barriers to sod and seed establishment. The herbicide that we use is called Dimension (Dithiopyr) and it is an excellent product. However, it is widely known that Dimension is very hard on new roots. Also, we were not confident when the barrier that Dimension creates would no longer be effective. Although the label suggests 90 days of control, we have seen this product persist in the soil for 120 days. Interestingly, as we progressed through 2019, I remarked on several occasions how impressed I was with the lack of weeds across the property… despite the omission of pre-emergent controls. Then, in early 2020, we met with Dr. Travis Gannon of North Carolina State University. Dr. Gannon’s expertise is weeds and herbicides and the purpose of our meeting was to discuss herbicide strategies if faced with the re-emergence of common Bermuda grass. It was in this meeting that we discussed the detriments of Dimension with respect to newly established sod and seedlings. Based on the cleanliness of 2019 and the knowledge that I could treat a minor infestation with post emergent products, I made the decision in favor of our new grasses and deferred our pre-emerge controls for an additional season.

 As the goose and crab emerged in 2020, I began second guessing my decision. In my entire career, I have never seen such infestations in bent grass. The post emergent product that will eradicate goose grass is Pylex. Unfortunately, to protect the bent, Pylex must be sprayed multiple times to kill the weeds, while leaving the unsightly bleaching. But over the past two weeks, something has occurred to me. We do not have a wholesale, summer annual issue. Our roughs are very clean, and any established bent grass is very clean. In fact, to take it a step further, consider that we ordered 4 different sods from four different farms:

1.       New Jersey Sod Farm – Infested bent grass

2.       Maryland Sod Farm – Mainly clean HGT Bluegrass

3.       Virginia Sod Farm – Mainly clean tall Fescue

4.       Central Maryland Sod – Mainly clean HGT Bluegrass

5.       KGC – Mainly clean existing turf

As discussed with bent grass decline, if you were to walk the golf course and inventory the weed infestations, you will find them almost exclusively located within the boundaries of the newly sodded bent grass.

 

(Sodded area 15th Fairway)

The good news is that Pylex does kill these weeds and we will continue an aggressive program of hand-picking and hand-spraying. Once we see our first frost, all these weeds will die off naturally. And in 2021, we will resume our annual pre-emergent program. This issue has never risen to this level before and will not be an issue again.

First Cut Areas:

Our first cut areas are comprised of perennial ryegrass with a splattering of KBG and TTTF. Rye grass decline in our first cut areas is an annual occurrence since the course was constructed. In recent years, we have enhanced our plant protective programs to the extent that the Rye is being treated with similar products that are normally reserved for putting greens. Unfortunately, the Rye is just so sensitive to summer heat. In addition, acting as a collar grass, it takes the additional mower traffic as the fairway units turn to make their passes. Many clubs in the mid-Atlantic are either abandoning their first cuts entirely or they are choosing new turf species. Last year during the renovation, we sodded HGT Bluegrass around all our bunkers. This turf has been nothing short of extraordinary. It handles the heat of summer in a way that I have rarely observed for a cool season grass.

(Thermal Bluegrass #18 Bunkers) 

(Thermal Bluegrass #9 Greenside)

Putting Greens:

Our greens have been outstanding for the past 4 seasons. The addition and location of our fans, strategic shade reduction and enhanced aeration techniques have made our greens exceptionally resilient, despite the weather. We need to continue to search for new ways to increase texture, but aside from some collar decline, our greens remain very solid.

 

(16th Green)

(17th Green)

Newly Installed Fescue: 

In our newly sodded Fescue, we have suffered some recent turf loss to Pythium Blight. However, overall, this new grass is performing beautifully. And perhaps more importantly, to date, we have seen no re-emerging Bermuda grass in the renovated rough.

(6th Hole)

In the picture above, the newly installed Fescue on the left is completely unaffected by the Summer Patch that is damaging the Kentucky bluegrass to the right. However, KBG is not affected by Gray Leaf Spot where Tall Fescue is. Therefore, I want to continue drilling thermal bluegrass into the newly renovated fescue so that over time, we will have a clean, diversified stand of cool season rough.

Progress to Date:

Since my last blog post in the middle of August, we have:

Solid tined all stressed bent grass

2.       Over-seeded all thin bent grass on tees and fairways

        Repaired damaged bentgrass throughout our fairways

4.       Aerated and seeded the 1st round of thermal bluegrass to all first cut areas

5.       Sprayed and picked thousands of weeds

6.       Sodded some of the most damaged tee boxes

7.       Began inserting our traditional mowing patterns

8.       Applied 2 rounds of micro-fertilizers to all stressed/damaged bent grass

 

What is Next:

3.       Re-seed any thin bent where the seed is too slow

4.       Install our second round of seed throughout all first cuts

5.       Solid tine and begin over-seeding all thin/damaged primary roughs

6.       Continue redefining our traditional mowing patterns

7.       Continue the micro-fertility program on fairways and tees through the 3rd week of September

8.       Continue to scout and eliminate unwanted weeds

 

Final Thoughts:

Somewhere around the end of July and the beginning of August, our golf course conditions turned sharply. My sense is that as fast as we saw decline, the recovery can and will be just as dramatic. We would prefer Mother Nature play nice, but regardless, we have a very organized, methodical approach to recovering the wonderful conditions that our membership expects.

 

(18th Fairway)